Cultural Impacts Of Cultural Tourism - 1517 Words

Cultural tourism has been a significant aspect of growth for any country in the world. Cultural interactions between the hosts and guests are vital to the sustainability and progression of tourism in a country. Tourists may initially be drawn to a particular destination’s architecture, history or leisure facilities however exposing the tourists to cultural events and dissemination of cultural information can get tourists to categorize the country as a frequent travel destination for vacations and trips. Tourists usually like to explore and know more about the culture of the country they are travelling to hence exhibiting the culture through cultural events is an excellent way to gratify this need. The boom in tourism in recent decades as has opened the world to cross cultural exchanges and culture has become a vital part of tourism. Cultural tourism as one of the subsystems of tourism does assume a noteworthy part in connecting cultural limits through tourist and host interactions. Be that as it may, there are some cultural false impressions that still exist and cultural tourism ought to be considered in the rundown of techniques to address these deficiencies. It ought to be noticed; that cultural travellers visit host puts basically to experience the life methods for the hosts or fundamentally to get a look of the cultural zone. The individuals who visit particularly to learn and admire the living methods for the hosts ordinarily are the individuals who take dynamic partShow MoreRelatedCultural Impacts Of Tourism Development936 Words   |  4 PagesSOCILA AND CULTURAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT The discourse concerning the impacts of tourism in national development, economic and otherwise, has had both negative and positive connotations. Societies hosting tourist attractions are frequently seen as the victims of the negative effects of tourism while the tourists seen as the perpetrators of the crime; bringing their culture and values and imposing them on the host societies. While these generally accepted stereotypical thoughts may be trueRead MoreSocio-Cultural Impact of Tourism2757 Words   |  12 Pagesawareness is quite high that tourism has a general impact on the destination. Many times it is talked about the economical impact which is mainly considered positive as it creates jobs in that area and brings people to the destination that spend money there etc. The environmental impact is a popular topic as well that is covered continuously in the news mainly by claiming the airplanes for their carbon emissions but also stating the destroying impact of mass tourism becaus e of littering, over visitationRead MoreSocio Cultural Impacts of Tourism2973 Words   |  12 PagesTourism is an activity done by an individual or a group of individuals, which leads to a motion from a place to another. From a country to another for performing a specific task or it is a visit to a place or several places in the purpose of entertaining which leads to an awareness of other civilizations and cultures, also increasing the knowledge of countries, cultures, and history (Central Department of Tourism Summer Resorts 2006). Tourism is an important industry that depends on culture andRead MoreSocio-Cultural Impact of Tourism2765 Words   |  12 Pagesawareness is quite high that tourism has a general impact on the destination. Many times it is talked about the economical impact which is mainly considered positive as it creates jobs in that area and brings people to the destination that spend money there etc. The environmental impact is a popular topic as well that is cove red continuously in the news mainly by claiming the airplanes for their carbon emissions but also stating the destroying impact of mass tourism because of littering, over visitationRead MoreSociol Cultural Impacts of Tourism Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesSocio-cultural impacts of tourism in Turkey [pic] Date: 23 January 2009 Table of Content Page: Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 1.What are socio- cultural impacts in general?...........................3 2.What is the tourism development in Turkey (Mediterranean area)?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3.What are the impacts for the Mediterranean area?.................. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Introduction This report deals with the problem statementRead MoreSocio-Cultural Impact of Eco-Tourism3151 Words   |  13 PagesSocio-cultural Impact of Eco-Tourism Dr. Anjani Kumar Abstract Ecotourism is entirely a new approach in tourism. Born in its current form in late 1980s, ecotourism came of in age in 2002, when the United Nations celebrated the â€Å"International year of Ecotourism. Today’s market place is becoming greener and more environmentally sensitive than ever, with 85 percent of the industrialized world does citizen believe that the environment is the number one publicRead MoreThe Cultural Impacts of Tourism on the Host Communities Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesThe cultural impacts of tourism on the host communities The impact that tourism has on the cultural lives of communities is one of the most important issues debated by tourism researchers and academics today. There is an increasingly growing concern that tourism development is leading to destinations losing their cultural identity by catering for the perceived needs of tourists. Although they take longer to appear, the cultural consequences of tourist activity have the potential to be muchRead MoreThe Impact of Cultural Diversity Within the Hospitality Tourism Industry2667 Words   |  11 PagesTable of Content I. Introduction 3 II. Cultural diversity 3 II.1. Advantages of cultural diversity 4 II.2. Disadvantages of cultural diversity 5 III. Organizational Culture 5 IV. Management strategies to overcome issues related to cultural diversity 7 V. Globalization 8 VI. Conclusion 9 VII. References 11 I. Introduction Immigration plays a big role in today’s business world. Especially the hospitality and tourism industry is highly affected, as this industry offers a large numberRead MoreDescribe and Evaluate the Negative Social, Cultural or Environmental Impact Caused by Tourism in a Destination of Your Choice. Analyse the Causes of This Impact and Judge to What Extent Sustainable Tourism Strategies3344 Words   |  14 Pagessocial, cultural or environmental impact caused by tourism in a destination of your choice. Analyse the causes of this impact and judge to what extent sustainable tourism strategies and methods could eliminate or ameliorate them and thereby secure the long term future of the destination. The negative effects of tourism are widely publicised in a number of destinations worldwide; however it is often underdeveloped nations that are home to natural wonders of the world which attract huge tourism levelsRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism1661 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This report will analyse the relative advantages and disadvantages of tourism priorities in Libiza. Tourism has become a significant sector that has an impact on development of economics of the countries with touristic cities in the world. Libiza consists 180 big and small islands located in the Mediterranean Sea with a warm weather. All the islands are separated by canals and connected by bridges with an impressive design and full of history. The history of the country consists in

Movie review jobs Free Essays

The movie I choose to write my review on is not one of my all-time favorites movies but the person who the movie is based on has been huge interest to me since I heard his story. The movie is titled â€Å"Jobs†; it is based on the true story of Steve Jobs, one most innovating men in 21st century. The movie is a series of events in Stave’s life that started from when is Just dropping out of college to when he is a success business man. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie review jobs or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the movie you can expect his struggle of trying to build a innovative technology company during the time of early technology boom. One of my favorite things about the movie â€Å"Jobs† is how inspiring it is. How despite all the negative people and things he still finds a way to focus on his dream or goal. One of my quotes form the movie â€Å"here’s to the crazy ones the misfits the rebels the trouble makers the round pegs in the square holes the people that are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the one who do† Steve Jobs. The quote is taken from one of my favorite scenes towards the end of the movie when he starting to realize why is doing things. If I had to give an award to the best actor In this film â€Å"Job† It would have to go to Gaston Catcher. Gaston played the role of main character Steve Jobs, Gaston was able absorb many of Steve mannerisms such as the way Steve spoke with his hands to the way he walked. Something I was surprised to see from Gaston was how he played the part with so much emotion ad passion. You cannot forget the great acting by the support role Josh Gad. Josh did a great Job In playing a funny type role In the beginning and then towards the end a very serious and passionate role. I also have to give a round of applause to the director In picking the actors. At the end when the reedit were rolling they had picture of the actor and the actual people they played and they all looked Identical. There wasn’t much I didn’t Like about the movie. One thing that did stand out was that the movie was cut short. As fan of Steve Jobs I’m Interested to see how the story continues. Growing up In the time when he was around I know that there was much more of the his story to tell. I have a feeling they left off were they did for a second film. (Which Is a shame). The movie â€Å"Jobs† Is full of passion, hope, selfishness, love and Innovation. I think his Is a movie that everyone should watch but who I think would enjoy the movie most would be anyone Interested In technology, college student or Interested In learning about a man who changed the world. Even with the movie being cut short I still found that this movie was an Inspiration to me. If I had to give an award to the best actor in this film â€Å"Job† it would have to go to support role Josh Gad. Josh did a great Job in playing a funny type role in the to give a round of applause to the director in picking the actors. At the end when the and they all looked identical. There wasn’t much I didn’t like about the movie. One thing that did stand out was that the movie was cut short. As fan of Steve Jobs I’m interested to see how the story continues. Growing up in the time when he was around I know that there was much film. (Which is a shame). The movie â€Å"Jobs† is full of passion, hope, selfishness, love and innovation. I think this is a movie that everyone should watch but who I think would enjoy the movie most would be anyone interested in technology, college student or interested in still found that this movie was an inspiration to me. How to cite Movie review jobs, Papers

Motivating and Leading Borders

Question: Write an essay onMotivating and leading across borders: managing teams and diversity. Answer: Motivation is used to describe the process that can trigger an individual so that he or she can still stay focused on the task ahead. In other words, motivation can be used to define the factors that keep an individual interested in going on with a certain project or task. These factors range widely from social, biological to emotional and cognitive forces which affect how an individual acts. There are a number of theories that have been proposed that explains the various aspects of motivation such as Maslows Needs Hierarchy Theory. In a diversified society, there are a lot of leadership skills and coordination is required to keep the people motivated. A diversified team can consist of members from different nationalities. In this case, the leader should be able to deal with each member effectively. The understanding of a cross-cultural society will help the leader to decide on the effective approach to use in leading the organization.Managing teams in an organization involve coordin ating the efforts of all in individuals in an organization so at to achieve the set goals. A well-managed team is always motivated and such the organization will be destined for success. A motivated team will perform better than a demotivated team. However, maintaining a team is also of great concern since if a developed team is not well managed then the team may fall apart and this will have a great impact on the team. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the team leader to understand his or her team and know how well to manage it. An effective leader should understand the capabilities of his team. The leader should also understand his or her leadership skills and correctly execute them for the success of the organization. The leader must be able to understand the diversity that exists in his or her team and coordinates it for better performance.Diversity may be defined as the difference that exists among individuals that are, qualities in a given group of individual that are mis sing in another group. Diversity may be due to different to age, race etc. Diversity has a great impact on an individuals performance, and how she or he will be motivated while interacting with others. The diversity in a team can be of great help to an organization and as such a leader should be able to exploit it. This report, therefore, will discuss some of the management issues and challenges in a cross-cultural environment that are, a diversified environment and how well to motivate people in such an environment so that they may use their capabilities and differences to reach their potential. The report will also describe the meaning of work and describe some of the approaches that can be used to motivate individuals in a given organization. In addition, the report will describe the needs hierarchy; this is one of the theories that are used to describe ways of keeping an individual motivated. It will also discuss leadership in a diversified society. Also, the types of leadership will be discussed. The variance in the culture and how leaders can use such differences for the development of the organization are discussed. In general, the report describes effective leadership in a diversified environment and the challenges associated with managing a diversified society (Mitchell, Boyle, Parker, Giles, Chiang Joyce, 2015) Management Challenges Managing an organization or a team may pose a lot of challenges especially if the leader is dealing with a diversified team. These challenges may range widely depending on qualities that bring about the diversity. The following are some of the challenges associated with managing a diversified organization or society;1. Poor communicationEffective communication is the driving force of any given team. For a team to perform well both the leader and the team members need to have a formal way of how they exchange information amongst themselves. In a diversified team, this is a great challenge especially if the individuals on a team have different cultural background and linguistic differences. Since different cultures have different values and consider some aspects as appropriate and others inappropriate, it may result in communication challenges among the team members. In addition, a team may consist of individuals who have different communicating styles depending on the age, gender, and religion (Kirton, Greene 2015). This may result in misunderstanding and thus misinterpretation of information which will, in turn, affect the performance of a team. In managing a diverse team leaders should be able to encourage the members to adopt a common communication method and appreciate the each others differences.2. HegemonyThis is a case where a certain group in a team or organization is much dominant than others. In an organization that consists of individuals from different cultures, the challenge of majority hegemony may arise due to the dominance of a given group over another. In such a case a company may tend to develop a business culture that favors the majority group over the minority group. This can discourage the minority group resulting into underperformance of the team. Alternatively, the less dominant group may join the dominant group to feel as part of the company. It is, therefore, important for the team leader to understand the differences that exist in his or her team and try to have them work together without making a particular group or individual feel as an outsider.3. ResistanceA given team may consist of individuals who are not ready to accept the diversity that the team has. Such individuals may not be ready to cope with the existing diversity plan in a team and therefore, its implementation may be a challenge. With such attitudes in a team, some individual become demoralized and demotivated leading to a decrease in the performance of the team. Leaders should be able to motivate their team members so as to overcome this resistance and improve the performance of the team (Siegel 2015).4. GroupthinkThis refers to a decision that has been generally arrived at by a majority of people. Groupthink is normally used by team members as a means of simplifying meetings and minimizes arguments in an organization. This would in effect lead to assimilation of other individuals perspectives and thus, the teams potential might not be fully expl oited. A leader should devise an effective strategy that will allow all the team members to share their perspectives without being forced to assimilate their thinking with that of the groupthink.Meaning of WorkThe advancement of technology has led to a different perspective of work. Work can be defined based on the following three aspects; the significance of work, the work values, and the work coherence (Shek Chung 2015).The significance of work describes the attributes that an individual attaches to his or her work and how he or she represents it. It also explains the importance of work to ones life.Work values describe the commitment that one has towards life and the aspects that guide one in his or her work. There are generally five major aspects including; autonomy, self-achievement, risk-taking, social interactions, and social advancement.Work coherence defines the balance that exists between ones work and him. The Needs HierarchyFor a team to perform efficiently, the members need to be motivated. There are a lot of techniques used by leaders to keep their team members motivated so that they may work effectively to achieve a companys objectives. The needs theories explain some of the internal factors that may motivate an individual to act in a given way. Needs may be defined as shortages in certain aspects of an individuals life and these will always influence the behavior of that particular individual.One of the most common needs theory is, Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs theory which states that ones motivation is as a result of an attempt to satisfy the five basic needs that include; self-actualization, physiological, esteem, social, and safety.In the international context, leaders should consider the above five needs so that every employee stays motivated to perform according to his or her potential. This will include;Physiological needs; this describes the basic needs necessary for survival. Employees should be provided with good working conditi ons. The conditions need to be favorable for everyone and not just a selected few.Safety needs; the leader should be able to guarantee the team members security for their finances, health etc. without showing favoritism.Social needs; managing a team consisting of individuals from different nationalities will involve developing effective means that will encourage interaction and collaboration among employees (Drucker 2007).Thus, it is necessary for a leader to consider the above needs among others while managing a diversified team.Motivation of PeopleMotivation is a word that originates from the noun motive, a motive is referred to as that aspect or thing that prompts an individual to act in a certain way (Wood 1991).Motivation refers to a persons direction to behavior or an aspect or factor that may make an individual have the want to repeat some behavior. The motivation of people is however associated with some advantages and disadvantages. These may include;Advantages Interest and Responsibility When employees are always motivated by their employers, the interest level and the zeal to work for that company tends to be so much increased. Assets Employ motivation plays an important part on the behavior employees behavior. It is easier, therefore, to convince an employee who is continuously motivated to always remain working in your organization. In this way, an employ may become an asset of a company. Efficiency In an organization where the employees are continuously motivated, the organization of such company tends to be a working one. Disadvantages Lack of interest - A company may at times award a group of employees as a sign of motivation, the group that is not motivated may, therefore, lack interest in the organization. Lack of co-operation group of employees who are not motivated in a company will always tend to lose hope and trust in the company and thus, fail to co-operate with other employees. Tension Strike, demos, rumors etc from a group of empl oyees who are not motivated may always cause chaos, tension or disruption at the business premises. Motivation is divided into two types. The following are the two types of motivation;1. Intrinsic MotivationThis involves the desire of oneself to seek out new things or technologies and technical challenges to make a self-evaluation on an individuals ability to make observations and acquire knowledge. For instance, an employ may opt to be an IT professional so as to learn more about computers. The employee is thus, said to have intrinsic motivation to acquire more understanding and knowledge (Lussier Achua 2015).2. Extrinsic MotivationHere, the performance of an individual is based on the outcome that they desire to achieve. For instance, when the crowd is cheering for a team to win a match on which some trophy is tagged. LeadershipLeadership is the acts of making somebody do a task you want to be done because he is willing to do it (Dwight D. Eisenhower).Leadership can also be defin ed as an act whereby a person gets other people to achieve a set goal or objective and drives these people in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. An effective leader should always portray the following attributes; Should be able to make a vision that is inspirational on the future. Should motivate people and inspire the people to engage with the vision Should be able to manage the delivery of the vision Should train and build a team that will be helpful in achieving the vision.Factors of LeadershipThere are four major factors of leadership. These factors may include; Situation Leader Communication Follower1. FollowerA leader must now his people. Followers require the attention of different levels. A more experienced worker will require more supervision as compared to a less experienced worker. Likewise, an employee with a higher degree of motivation will tend to have more understanding of the company than the one who not motivated.2. CommunicationFor an effective leader ship, there has to be a two-way communication between the leader and his followers.Whatever the communication and how the communication is made by a leader towards the followers will either build or harm the relationship between them. For instance, in a company, when the leaders communicate positively about the remuneration of the employees, the employees would react positively and this would directly build on their relationship (Prochaska, Sampayo Carter 2015).3. SituationSituations that may meet people are totally different. How you handle one situation will totally be different from how you will be handling another. It is, therefore, advisable that ones judgment and the leadership style will make him/her decide on the best course of action. 4. LeaderA leader must have a true understanding of whom they are, their knowledge, and what they can actually, manage to do. The followers are always the determinants of a good leader; they will only be inspired if they have trust and confid ence in their leader. To be successful, a leader needs to convince the followers, not himself or his superiors, that he is actually, worthy to be followed.Cross-Cultural Research on LeadershipLeadership is an aspect applicable everywhere in everyday life. Leadership is applicable institutions, entities, states and all over the world.Leadership NatureLeadership can be referred to as both a process and a property. As a process, leadership usually hails on what is basically done by the authorities. As a property, leadership refers to set of characteristics of the individuals who are perceived to be leaders. The different natures can be as follows; Leaders should be very much influential to their followers behavior. They can influence the employees to either work recklessly or do good work for the company. A good leader should, therefore, empower and motivate hi/her followers to positively influence their behavior (Wrzesniewski, Dutton Debebe 2003). Leadership is much concerned with va lues. Leaders can be good teachers of ethics and thus, they can reinforce ideas. Leaders should therefore not be hypocritical but should portray positive statements of ethics. This will influence the behavior of the followers.Types of LeadershipThere are quite a number of leadership styles/types. Some of these types are explained below;1. Situational LeadershipThis leadership style is based on the situation of the followers as well as the situation of the economy. Situational leadership model majorly focuses on the nature of the task as the major variable. There are four options in the practice of this model; telling, selling, participating and delegating (Hershey and Blanchards Model of Situational Leadership).2. The Autocratic Style of LeadershipIn this leadership style, it operates on control and ones perception of how much control should be given to others. For instance, the kind of leadership in firms where there are the Chief Executive Officers.3. Bureaucratic Leadership Style This is more of similar to the autocratic style of leadership. The two types of leadership styles go together like the car and fuel. Bureaucratic style of leadership has to do with obedience to authority (Murphy Johnson 2016).4. Cross-Cultural Style of Leadership This style of leadership is basically based on the culture of the followers that a lead is having authority over.5. Strategic LeadershipThis style of leadership is more operational among the military services such as the United States Army, US Air Force, and large corporations. This leadership aims to outwit this competition through strategized methods of accomplishing this (Deci Ryan 1975).Contingency LeadershipContingency theory of leadership postulates that for leadership to be effective, the leaders style of leadership and strategies must match the right situations. Contingency Leadership tends to define a number of factors. These factors may include; The structure of the task This refers to the measure of task that has been levied and the methods to achieve the desired results. Positional Power This refers to the authority that a leader has to influence how productive the followers can be. The leader should be in a position to either reward or punish the followers. Relationsh ip The relationship that exists between the leader and his followers should be a good one to enhance the productivity of the economy. Conclusion Some aspects have been covered in this study and each of them has been given the best attention. Some of the conclusions from the above discussion include; It is evident that the best leadership solely depends on the relationship between the leader and his followers. The followers will support the leader if he actually delivers to the expectation of the followers. The leaders, therefore, need to build trust and confidence among their followers in an organization. Good leadership has basic four elements that must be understood in order to lead efficiently. It comprises the leader, followers, situations, and communication. All these four must be properly in good rapport to enhance efficiency in leadership. Therefore, situation and how it is handled will depend much on the factors that are surrounding the organization or the person in such a situation. Motivation is an aspect that can positively influence the behaviors of the employees. Leaders, therefore, should regularly motivate the employees so that they can maintain the zeal of giving their best to the company. Management is often associated with a number of challenges. These challenges, however, may be dealt with by setting up strategies such as motivating the employees and always understanding their situations and the situation of the economy. The employees who are continuous motivation are more productive and more quality oriented. This will mean the working environment will be very much favorable. Leadership to depend much on your followers. The number that follows a leader can actually, suggest if actually the leader is hated or loved by the individuals he/she is leading. People tend to follow those leaders who seem to accomplish their set goals and objectives. A leader who is delivering according to the peoples expectation will consequently, have a huge number of followers. Leadership requires physical and psychological fitness. A leader must have the strength, power and ability to meet the bodily requi rements; zeal, energy and patience to meet the mental requirements for leadership. Strategic leadership focuses on competitive nature of operating an organization. Leadership requires regular motivation of followers. Motivation and leadership are closely related and interconnected. A good leadership foundation needs to understand the meaning of motivation and how a person should be motivated. A leader can encourage or discourage the workers motivation by either creating a favorable working environment or an unfavorable working environment. References Berry, L.M. and Houston, J.P., 1993. Psychology at work. WCB/McGraw-Hill.Certo, S., 2015. Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.Davidson, J.C. and Caddell, D.P., 1994. Religion and the meaning of work. Journal for the scientific study of religion, pp.135-147.Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M., 1975. Intrinsic motivation. John Wiley Sons, Inc..Drucker, P.F., 2007. Management challenges for the 21st century. Routledge.Hersey, P. and Blanchard, K.H., 1993. Management of organizational behavior: Utilizing human resources . Prentice-Hall, Inc.Kirton, G. and Greene, A.M., 2015. The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Routledge.Levi, D., 2016. Group dynamics for teams. Sage Publications.Li, Y., 2016. The Impact of Leadership Behavior on Employee Engagement (Doctoral dissertation, LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY).Lussier, R. and Achua, C., 2015. Leadership: Theory, application, skill development. Nelson Education.Markus, H.R. and Kitayama, S., 199 1. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological review, 98(2), p.224.Miner, J.B., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge.Mitchell, R., Boyle, B., Parker, V., Giles, M., Chiang, V. and Joyce, P., 2015. Managing Inclusiveness and Diversity in Teams: How Leader Inclusiveness Affects Performance through Status and Team Identity. Human Resource Management, 54(2), pp.217-239.Murphy, S.E. and Johnson, S.K., 2016. Leadership and Leader Developmental Selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Efficacy: Their Role in Enhancing Leader Development Efforts. New directions for student leadership, 2016(149), pp.73-84.Ng, E.S. and Stephenson, J., 2015. Individuals, Teams, and Organizational Benefits of Managing Diversity. The Oxford Handbook of Diversity in Organizations, p.235.Northouse, P.G., 2015. Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.Prochaska, F., Sampayo, J. and Carter, B., 2015. DISC Factors. Available at S SRN 2686882.Ros, M., Schwartz, S.H. and Surkiss, S., 1999. Basic individual values, work values, and the meaning of work. Applied psychology, 48(1), pp.49-71.Ryan, R.M. and Deci, E.L., 2000. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary educational psychology, 25(1), pp.54-67.Shek, D.T. and Chung, P. eds., 2015. Promoting Service Leadership Qualities in University Students: The Case of Hong Kong (Vol. 6). Springer.Siegel, D., 2015. Leaders in the Shadows: The Leadership Qualities of Municipal Chief Administrative Officers. University of Toronto Press.Wood, D.J., 1991. Corporate social performance revisited. Academy of management review, 16(4), pp.691-718.Wrzesniewski, A., Dutton, J.E. and Debebe, G., 2003. Interpersonal sensemaking and the meaning of work. Research in organizational behavior, 25, pp.93-135.Vroom, V.H., 1964. Work and motivation.